Accredited Cruise Counselor (ACC). A certificate program offered by the Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA).

Adjoining rooms. Rooms that have separate entrances but no means of getting directly from one room to the other.

Affinity group. A group comprised of people who share a particular interest and belong to a club, society, team, or other membership organization.

Aft. Toward the rear of a ship. Agent's coupon. The part of the airline ticket that is kept in the travel agency's files for two years.

Airline Deregulation Act. Enacted in 1978, the Airline Deregulation Act ended the government's economic control of the airlines.

Airlines Reporting Corporation (ARC). The organization that accredits travel agencies; supplies documents used in selling airline tickets, rail transportation, and related services; and provides a centralized system for processing these sales.

Airport hotel. A hotel built to be convenient for travelers departing on early morning flights or for people not needing to go downtown to conduct their business.

Air Transport Association (ATA). The trade association formed by major U.S. airlines that represents them before governmental bodies and promotes the safety and efficiency of the air transport system.

American Hotel & Motel Association (AH&MA).  The trade association that represents the lodging industry in the United States.

American plan (AP).  Usually three meals included.  Also called full board.

American Society of Travel Agents (ASTA).  A trade association that lobbies governments, presents educational programs, and speaks to the public on behalf of its members, who inlude not only travel agents but also others in the industry.

Amtrak.  A private corporation that operates intercity passenger rail service in the United States.

APEX fare.  The most frequently used international discount fare.

Convention Liaison Council (CLC). A group of twenty-five organizations representing the convention, meeting, trade show, and exposition indusrry.

Convention rate.  A spcial rate offered to members of meetings and conventions.

Convention tour.  A tour designed for members of associations or corporations who are attending a convention, trade show, or simililar gathering.

Cooperative advertising.  When travel agencies associate themselves with a supplier's products by lacing their names and addresses in the suppliers advertisement as a contract for reservations.

Corporate culture.  A company's set of values, beliefs, priorities, and practices.

Corporate or business travel.  Any trip purchased by a business and made for the purposes for the organization.

Corporate rate.  A special rate sometimes offered to all business travelers, sometimes just to listed coporations, and sometimes to anyone who asks.

Couchette.  A sleeping accommodation on a   train consisting of a compartment with six bunk beds.

Council on Hotel, Restaurant and Institutional Education (CHRIE).   An organization dedicated to continuing education in the hospitality industry.

Coupon.  A section of an airline ticket or other accountable document.

Cover letter.  A letter of introduction that acccompanies a resume and is designed to obtrain an interview or an application form.

Cross-selling.  Selling additional products or services.

Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA). The association that promotes cruising to both the selling agents and the buying public through public relations and advertising as well as by training travel counselors.

Cruise ship.  An all-inclusive floating resort that moves from port to port.

Database.  An organized colleciton of data.

Deck plan.  A diagram on a cruise ship that shows the location of cabins and public rooms.

Demi-pension.  Breakfast and one other main meal, usually dinner, included.  Called Modified American plan in the United States.

Demographic segmentation.  Categorizing people according to characteristics such as age, sex, or marital status.

Denied boarding compensation.  Compensation owed to a bumped passenger who the airline cannot get to his or her destination within one hour of the originally scheduled time.

Department of Transportation (DOT).  The cabinet-level department of the federal government that is responsible for mass transportation.

Departure tax.  A tax imposed on passengers leaving the country.

Destination.  A location that a traveler chooses to visit.

Destination geography.  The study of those charactreristics of locations that influence travel.

Destination Specialist.  A program offered by the Institute of Certified Travel Agents that offers in-depth sales-related knowledge about specific regions of the world.

Dine-around plan.  A plan that gives guests a credit toward dinner at other hotels or seperate restaurants.

Direct access.  A direct flow of information between a user and a computer reservation system.  Also known as a direct line.

Direct flight.  A flight that has one or more stops on which the passenger does not have to change planes.  This is also known as a through flight.

Direct mail.  Letters, postcards, flyers, newsleters, and so on, that are sent to past and potential clients.

Discount fare.  A low fare offered by an airline to generate more business.  Also called a promotional fare.

Discretionary travel.  Travel done as a matter of choice, not necessity.

Distributors. Those who act as intermediaries between suppliers and travelers, helping travlers obtain the goods and services owned by suppliers.

Domestic air travel.  Flights between and within the continental United States and parts of Canada, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Alaska, and Hawaii.

Doublebooking.  The practice of booking two reservations for an individual at the same time.

Dual distribution.  Travel suppliers who sell to the public directly themselves and indirectly, through travel agencies and other intermediaries.

Duty. A charge or a tax.

Duty-free port. A port in which no duty or taxes are levied on goods.

Electronic ticket.  Flight information stored in a computer but not printed on a conventional ticket.

E-mail.  Communications sent from one computer to another.

Embassy.  The office of the ambassador who represents one nation in another.

Equator.  An imaginary line that circles the globe halfway between the North and South Poles.

Escort.  The person who is responsible for ensuring that an escorted tour goes smoothly.

Escorted tour.  A tour in which participants travel together as a group and are always accompanied by a professional escort.

Excrow account. Funds or other property that are held by a third party, such as a bank, until specified conditions are met for their release.

Eurailpass.  A rail pass that allows unlimited first class travel through seventeen European countries for a specified time.

Euronet.  Rail Europe's on-line reservations system that allows immediate ticketing.

European plan (EP).  No meals included.

Eurostar.  The train that operates through the Chunnel, the tunnel beneath the English Channel that links England and France.

Exchange rate.  The rate at which the currency of one nation can be exchanged for the currency of another.

Excursion fare.  Round-trip fares on Amtrak that cost only a little more than one-way coach but do not allow stopovers.

Executive class.  A class of service ranging between first class and coach in amenities.  Also known as business class.

Explore America fare.  One of Amtrak's special fares costing more than excursion fares but allowing stopovers within a specified time period.

Familiarizatin trip (fam trip).  A trip offered to travel professionals at a reduced rate so that they can inspect hotels and restaurants, sample the attractions, and experience the local culture.

Fax machine.  Machines that send images over phone lines and reprint a copy at another fax machine within ten minutes.

Feature.  An inherent characteristic of a product or service.

Federal Aviation Administraion (FAA).  The organization that has primary responsibility for airline safety regulations.

Feedback question.  A question confirming details that have emerged in the conversation.

Ferry.  A ship that carries passengers, vehicles, livestock,and supplies across bodies of water on regular schedules.

FIT. A custom-designed tour.

Flight insurance. Coverage for accidents that occur in connection with air travel.

Fly/cruise.  An arrangement wherebuy a cruise line offers air transportation as an additional booking incentive.

Fly/drive. An independent tour that includes air transportation as well as a car rental and permits participants to stay at a number of hotels.

Fore. Toward the front of a ship.

Four P's. Four basic characteristics of a business: product, promotion, place, and price.

Franchise. A company that provides the use of a name, a central reservations system, advertising, and training.

Freighter.  A ship that has the principal purpose of carrying cargo.

Frequent-flyer plan.  A bonus program for frequent flyers designed to build and maintain brand loyalty.

Frequent-guest program.  A program that rewards repeat guests with bonuses such as a free room night.

Full board. Usually three meals included.  Also called American plan.

Gateway.  A city that serves as the arrival or departure point for international travel.

Geography. The science that studies the earth, its features,  its life, and how these interact.

Greenwich mean time (GMT).   The time at Greenwich, England, from which world time zones are calculated.  Also known as Universal time coordinated, (UTC).

Gross registered tonnage (GRT). The amount of enclosed revenue-producing space on a cruise ship.

Group rate.  A rate that represents a discount offered to a group that uses a certain number of rooms on the same night.

Guaranteed for late arrival.  A reservation that is held past the standard arrival time by paying a deposit for the room.

Gulf.  A body of salt water bordered by a curved shoreline, such as the Gulf of Mexico.

Hidden-city ticketing.  A practice where a client who wants to go to city Y buys a ticket for a flight from City X to City Z with a connection at City Y because the fare for a ticket from City X to City Z is less than the fare from City X to City Y. The client actually ends the trip when the plane lands at City Y.

High season.  The season when rates and traffic peak.

Higher Intermediate Point (HIP).  The point on an itinerary where the fare between two cities is the highest.

Hold time. The deadline for holding a room without payment.

Host.  A representative of a tour or ground operator who helps participants plan and arrange activities; the company that markets a CRS.

Hosted tour.  A tour in which individuals travel independently but a host is available at each destination on the tour to assist them.

Hotel representative firm. A firm that accepts reservations and provides marketing and sales on behalf of individually owned properties. also known as a rep firm.

Hub-and-spoke system.  A system by which an airline uses certain cities as connecting centers, or hubs, for as many flights to and from outlying cities as possible.

Incentive house.  A travel agency that specializes in the incentive field.

Incentive tour.  A tour offered as a prize or reward to employees of a company, usually for productivity or sale performance.

Independent tour. A tour in which participants travel independently.

Information interview. An interview in which one seeks knowledge about an industry or comany.

Inn. Somewhat larger than a bed and breakfast, an inn offers a dining room and funtions more like a hotel.

Inside cabin. A cabin that has no access to natural light.

Institute of Certified Travel Agents (ICTA).  The premier educational resource for members of the travel industry at all tages of their carers.

Interline agreement.  An agreement among the airlines.

International Airlines Travel Agent Network (IATAN). The organization that appoints U.S. travel agencies to sell tickets for international airlins serving the United States.

International Air Transport Association (IATA).   An association of about two hudnred international airlines whose aim is to create order and stability in international aviation.

International date line. An imaginary line roughly corresponding to 180 degrees longitude that, by international agreement, separates one calendar day from another.

International Driver's Permit (IDP). A translation of someone's driver's license into an internationally recognized format.

Invoice. A document that indicates the amount due from a client.

Island. A body of land completely surrounded by water.

Isthmus. A narrow body of land connecting two larger bodies of land.

Jet lag.  After long flights through one or more time zones, a condition characterized by the disruption of normal sleeping and eating patterns and mental physical exhaustion.

Joint fare. A fare when the connection involves different airlines that have agreed on one published fare.

Know. A cruise ship distance measurement equivalent to about 1.5 land miles per hour.

Latitude.  The distance measured in degrees north or south of the equator.

Leeward. The side sheltered from the wind.

Load. The percentage of available seats on a flight that are actually sold.

Longitude. The distance measured in degres east or west of the prime meridian.

Loss damage waiver (LDW). Insurance that waives the car rental company's right to recover damages resulting from theft or vandalism as well as from collisions.

Low season. The season when rates and traffic are at their lowest.

Management contract. A type of hotel ownership whereby companies manage hotels that bear their name but are not owned by them.

Marketing. A sries of decisions and actions takednby a seller to create a match between consumer's preferences and a product or service.

Marketing plan. A strategy of determining what to sell, how to promote, where to sell, and at what price to sell.

Market research.  The gathering and analyzing of information about consumers and products.

Market segmentation. The process of identifying clusters of individuyals who have similar needs and can form a target market.

Master Cruise Counselor (MCC). A certificate program offered by the Cruise LInes International Association (CLIA).

Mazimum Permitted Miles (MPM).  An allotted number of miles assigned to every pair of cities around the world for which international fares are published.  Passengers exceeding this mileage by making additional stops are assessed a surcharge.

Mediterranean climate. Aras withwarm,dry summers and mild, wet winters.

Meeting planner. Apecialist who plans meetings.

Meting Progessionals International (MPI). the largest asociation of meeting professionals.

Megaship. Large cruise ships that measure at least 70, 000 GRT and hole more thatn 1,600 passengers.

Membership organization. An association where individual members own and operate hotels that share a global reservations system as well as other common services.

Mentor. A person who serves as an onofficial teacher, counselor, role model, and advocate.

Miscellaneous charges order (MCO). An accountable document issued by travel agencies when standard ticket stock cannot be used.

Modified American plan (MAP). Breakfast and one other main meal, usually dinner, included. Called demi-pension in Europe.

Monsoon. Winds that blow moisture from theIndian and Pacific Oceans for about six months, bringing torrential rains.

Motel. A building with only one or two stories, ample parking, and very limited food service.

Motorcoach. A bus.

National Tour Association (NATA). An association made up of tour operators, suppliers, and destination marketing organizations.

National tourist office (NTO). Many governments maintain a national tourist office to promote travel to their country.  Within its own country,  NTO works to make the country attractive to tourists; outside the country, it tries to present the country in the best light.

National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). The organization that tracks aviation fatalities, publishes annual safety statistics, invstigates all accidents, and recommends enhancements for safety.

Negotiated corporate rate. A rate that has been negotiated with a company or its affiliate or association.

Net rate. A rate that does not include a commission.

Networking. Using personal contracts to make business contracts and to advance in the business world.

Neutral Unit of Construction (NUC). A special unit of currency used to calculate airfares.

Niched. A speciality market.

Nonstop flight. A flight with no intermediate stops.

No-show. A person who does not show up for his or her scheduled flight, but does not cancel or change the reservation.

Occupancy rate. Percentage of rooms occupied.

Ocean. A major division of a huge body of salt water.   The four major oceans are the Pacific, the Atlantic, theIndian, and the Arctic.

One way. A trip from an originating city to a destination city with no return to the origin.

Open-ended question. A question that invites answers that include whatever facts, opinions, or feelings the clients thinks are relevant.

Open jaw. Similar to a round trip, except that the passenger either returns to a city different from the point of origin or departs for the return trip from a city other than the original destination.

Outside cabin. A cabin that has a porthole that looks out over the ocean.

Outside sales agent. Aperson who brings in customers outside of the travel agency's existing clientele.

Overbook. Selling more tickets thatn there are seats.

Override. Extra payments made by a supplier as a bonus for a high volume of sales.

Oversold. When the number of confirmed passengers who show up for a flight exceeds the number of seats.

Passenger facility charge (PFC). A surcharge imposed to pay for airport imrovements.

Passenger Name Record (PNR). The record of passenger information in a computer.

Passport. A document issued by a governemnt to its citizens in order to establish an individual's identity and nationality and requst protection for the citizen while abroad.

Peninsula. A body of land with water on three sides.

Pension. A small, family-run lodging located in Europe that may be run much like a hotel or a bed and breakfast.

Personal accident insurance (PAI). Car rental insurance that covers bodily injury to the renter.

Pitch. The front-torear spacing of seat rows.

Point-to-point fare. A fare from one stopover point to another.

Port charges. On a cruise, these charges cover fees levied by governments or port facilities for the use of the port.

Preferred supplier relationship. An arrangement in which a travel agency is committed to maximizing its use of a particular supplier.   In turn, the agency can receive overrides.

Prepaid ticket advice (PTA). An authorization for an airline ticket to be issued at a point other thant the point of payment.

Price segmentation. Dividing a population into segments based on how much people are able and willing to pay for a product.

Prime meridian. An imaginary line running through Greenwich, England, that connects the North and South Poles.

Professional. A person who has learned a body of knowledge, masterd skills needed for a certain occupation, and demonstated a commitment to the standards of that occupation and the interests of his or her clients.

Promotion. An effort to communicate information about a product or service to the market.

Promotional fare. A lower fare offered by an airline to generate more business.  Also called a discount fare.

Pschographic segmentation.   Grouping people who have similar attitudes, interests, and beliefs into distinct target markets.

Public relations. Any activity conducted to establish recognition and respect within the local community.

Qualifying. Indentifying potential clients by detemining how ready and able the client is to make a purchase.

Rack rate. The regular posted or off-the-street price of a room.

Rail Europe. A company owned by Swiss and Frency railroads that acts as a bokking agent for travel in Europe.

Rail pass. A pass that allows train travel for a specified time and region with unmlimitd stops and unlimited mileage.

Rate desk. A part of an airline or travel agency staffed by specialists in international air fatrres.

Receipt. An invoice that indicates an amount paid and the method of payment.

Rep firm. A firm that accepts reservations and provides marketing and sals on behalf of individually owned properties. Also known as a hotel representative firm.

Repositioning cruise. A cruise that transfers a ship from one cruising area to another between seasons.

Resort. A hotel that provides a vacation in itself.

Resume. A summary of qualifications and work experience.

River. A moving body of fresh water that flows from a basin to a termination point.

Round trip. A journey that ends in the same city wher it began.

Run-of-the-house rate (ROH). A flat rate at which the hotel offers any of its available rooms, whatever their location, to members of a group.

SABRE. A computer reservation system.

Satellite ticket printer (STP). A machine set-up by a travel agency at another location, which prints the ticket.

Sea. A small body of salt water surrounded by land, such as the Mediterranean and the Caribbean Seas.

Seat width. The total side-to-side space available at seat cushion or chest level.

Segmental analysis. An evaluation of the profitability of different products.

Selling up. Converting the client to a more expensive or inclusive version of a product or service.

Shell. An empty brochure that cotnains a photograph or two and some generic text.

Shoppers. People who are unprepared to discuss their plans in detail and merely want information.

Shoulder season. The period between high and low seasons.

Society of Incentive and Travel Executives (SITE). A worldwide organization of business professionals dedicated to the recognition and development of motivational and performance improvement strategies of which travel is the key compontent.

Sound. A long, wide body of water connecting two larger bodies of water.

Spa. A special type of resort that emphasizes health, diet, and fitness.

Space available. A term for a person trying to obtain space on a flight listed as full.

Space ratio. A way of measuring spaciousness on a cruise ship by dividing the number of passengers into the ship's size.

Special-interest tour. A tour designed to appeal to the interests of a very specific market segment.

Speciality train. A train taken by passengers mainly for the experience, not the transportation.

Standard ticket. A ticket that permits passengers to fly on many airlines with just one ticket.

Standby. A person trying to obtain space on a flight listed as full.

Step-on guide. A guide who joins a tour briefly to conduct sightseeing of a city, museum, or art gallery.

Stern. The back of the ship.

Stop. The term for when a plane lands.

Stopover. A planned brak in a journey.

Strait. A narrow channel of water connecting two larger bodies of water.

Suppliers. Those who own and provide the goods and services that travelers need or want, including transportation, food, shelter, entertainment, and attractions.

System One AMADEUS. A computer reservation system.

Tender. A small boat used to carry passengers from ship to shore and back when the larger ship cannot dock because a harbor is too shallow or too crowded.

TGV. A high-speed train in France.

Through fare. The fare through a connecting point that involves a connection between flights of the same airline.

Through flight. A flight that has one or more stops onwhich the passenger does not have to change planes. This is also known as a direct flight.

Throwaway. A feature of a tour that clients deliberately do not use.

Tour. A package of features for purchase as a single unit.

Tour guide. On an escorted tour, a specialist in dispensing in-depth knowledge about a particular topic.

Tourist card. An entry document used by some countries in lieu of a passport.

Tour operator. A company that operates aspects of a tour, owns facilities of vehicles used on a tour, owns facilities of vehicles used on a tour, or employs personnel such as escorts and drivers.

Tour order. A document that record payments for advertised tours.

Tour wholesaler. A sompany that packages the components of a tour for later sale through retail outlets.Transfers. Transportation between htoels and airports, docks, or railroad stations.

Travel accident and health insurance. Coverage that protects the insured in case of accidents and sickness at all times while away from home.

Travel counselor. The individual who advises travelers and who sells arrangements to the public for suppliers. Also known as a trvel agent.

Trip cancellation or interruption insurance. Coverage that reimbures clients for nonrefundable prepayments if they must cancel for a reason covered by the policy.

United States Tour Operators Asociation (USTOA). A professional association for tour operators who conduct business in the United States.

Universal time coordianted (UTC). The time at Greenwich, England, from which world time zones are calculated. Also known as Greenwich mean time (GMT).

Windjammer. A large sailing ship with multiple sails.

Windward. The side exposed to the wind.

Worldspan. A computer reservation system.

Yacht. A boat used for private plesure excurisions.

Yield. The average amount of rvenue earned per passenger mile.

Yield management. A fare structure designed to produce the most revenue.

Youth hostel. Dormlike accommodatins that are open to those of all ages in most of the world.